Lebih Dekat Dengan Imam al-Ghazali/Closer to Imam al-Ghazali
Sesungguhnya segala bentuk pujian hanya pantas kami sandarkan kepada Allah Swt, dan kepada-Nya kami memuja, berserah diri, memohon pertolongan dan ampunan. Kami juga berlindung kepada Allah Swt dari keburukan-keburukan tipu daya nafsu, dan dari segala bentuk amalan-amalan yang sesat dan menyimpang. Sebab, siapapun yang Allah Swt berikan petunjuk, maka tiada satupun makhluk yang sanggup menyesatkannya. Sebaliknya, siapapun yang sudah Allah Swt tetapkan sebagai manusia yang tersesat, maka tidak satupun makhuk yang sanggup memberinya hidayah (petunjuk). Aku bersaksi bahwa tiada Tuhan selain Allah Swt, hanya kepada-Nya lah kita wajib menyembah. Hanya Allah Swt Yang Maha Esa, Tiada sekutu bagi-Nya. Dan aku juga bersaksi bahwa Nabi Muhammad Saw merupakan hamba sekaligus Rasul utusan Allah Swt.
Allah Swt berfirman dalam Qs. Ali Imran (3:102)
Sebelum kita masuk kedalam kajian kitab Ihya Ulumiddin ini, tidak ada salahnya kita sampaikan sekelumit prolog yang bisa mengenalkan pembaca kepada jati diri penulis kitab ini. Diantaranya, Masa Kelahiran dan Kehidupan al-Ghazali, Perjalanan al-Ghazali dalam menuntut ilmu, Guru-guru dan sanad keilmuan al-Ghazali, Pemahaman al-Ghazali seputar ilmu fikih dan keilmuan islam lainnya. Kami sampaikan juga komentar para ulama mengenai diri al-Ghazali, Apa saja yang beliau ajarkan, berbagai karya tulis yang telah beliau susun, yang kesemuanya itu menyampaikan kita kepada karya Masterpiece/Magnum Opus beliau yang akan segera kita kaji bersama sebagai "IHYA ULUMIDDIN"/"Menghidupkan Kembali Ilmu-Ilmu Agama".
Nama lengkap Imam Ghazali adalah Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Ghazali, yang dikenal sebagai Hujjatul Islam Zainuddin al-Thusi, seorang ahli fikih (al-Faqih) yang bermahzab al-Syafi'i. Orang-orang yang dating kemudian memanggilnya al-Ghazali yang sebelumnya Abi Hamid. Ada pendapat penyebutan al-Ghazali ini dari kata Ghazala yang dinisbatkan dari daerah terkenal di Thusi (Khurasan, Persia). Ada juga pendapat asal kata al-Ghazali ini dari kata Ghazzala yang disifatkan atas diri beliau yang selalu menyucikan diri dan sanubari. Hanya Allah Swt yang Maha Mengetahui kebenaran yang sesungguhnya. Nama beliau akhirnya dikenal sampai saat ini dengan sebutan al-Imam al-Ghazali.
Imam al-Ghazali lahir di kota Thusi, pada sekitar pertengahan abad ke-5 Hijriah (450 H.). Abu Hamid memiliki seorang ayah yang lembut sanubarinya. sederhana pola hidupnya, pekerja keras dan pedagang yang cukup sabar. Ayah al-Imam dikenal gemar menuntut ilmu ke banyak ulama dikala itu. Sering mengikuti halaqah (pengajian) mereka, dan gemar membantu kebutuhan sesama. Setiap pekan ayah al-Imam selalu menyempatkan diri mengunjungi kediaman ulama, dari satu ulama ke ulama lainnya, agar dapat memetik pelajaran berharga dari sisi mereka. Tak jarang ayah al-Imam ini menitikkan air mata pada saat mendengarkan tausyiah yang disampaikan ulama yang ia datangi untuk menimba ilmu.
Pada suatu kesempatan, karena didorong perasaan keinginan memiliki keturunan yang menguasai keilmuan agama, ayah al-Imam berdoa kepada Allah Swt dengan sungguh-sungguh agar Allah Swt berkenan mengabulkan doa dan keinginannya memiliki putra yang memahami ilmu agama, dengan cara menggemari majelis yang didalamnya dibacakan ilmu oleh para ulama.
Doa beliaupun diijabah oleh Allah Swt, dengan menganugerahinya dua orang putra yang shalih. Putra pertamanya diberi nama Abu Hamid (al-Ghazali) dan adik laki-lakinya bernama Ahmad, dengan kuniyah(alias) Abu al-Futuh Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad ath-Thusi al-Ghazali, dengan laqab(panggilan) Majduddin.
Ibnu Khalkan dalam buku al-Wifayat mengatakan, "Pada periode selanjutnya, al-Imam al-Ghazali dipercaya untuk menjadi pengajar di salah satu madrasah terkemuka, dimana adik beliau juga sempat menuntut ilmu disana. Sang adikpun akhirnya berkesempatan meringkas karya al-Imam al-Ghazali ini, yang kemudian diberi judul sama dengan induknya, Mukhtasyar Ihya Ulumiddin. Pada bahasan pertama kitab tersebut, diberi judul yang hampir sama induk kitabnya yakni al-Ihya. Sedangkan pada bahasan yang terakhir ditutup dengan memberi sub-judul, adz-Dzakhirah fi Ulumi al-Bashirah. Ahmad al-Ghazali (saudara al-Imam al-Ghazali) meninggal dunia di wilayah Qazwain pada sekitar tahun 520 Hijriah. (Wifayat al-Ayan)
Sebelum sang ayah kembali menghadap Allah Swt (meninggal dunia), beliau sempat berpesan kepada sahabat yang kebetulan seorang ulama (ahli Fikih dan Tasawuf), agar melanjutkan pengasuhan al-Imam al-Ghazali dan saudaranya,Ahmad al-Ghazali. Beliau berpesan, agar kedua putra tersebut dididik secara khusus dan mendapat pengajaran agama yang sesuai dengan apa yang beliau dapatkan dari ahli ilmu (para ulama).
In fact, all forms of praise are only appropriate for us to rely on Allah, and to Him we worship, surrender, ask for help and forgiveness. We also take refuge in Allah SWT from the vices of deception, and from all forms of deviant and deviant practices. Because, whoever Allah Almighty gives instructions, then not a single creature can mislead him. On the other hand, whoever Allah has ordained as a human being is lost, then none of the creatures can give him guidance (guidance). I testify that there is no god but Allah, only to Him are we obliged to worship. Only Allah Most High, There is no partner with Him. And I also testify that the Prophet Muhammad is both a servant and Messenger of Allah.
Allah Almighty says in Qs. Ali Imran (3: 102)
"The only sentence that contains the truth is undoubtedly the Al-Qur'an (the Book of Allah) and the best guidance used is what is conveyed to the Prophet Muhammad. As for all forms of affairs that are sure to have a negative effect is simply making things up. new in the matters of religion that have been determined directly from the side of Allah Almighty whose arrival is contradictory from the two main sources of religion (Al-Qur'an and Al-Sunnah). All of these fall under the category of bid'ah, and every act of mahdhah containing the heretical element must be misleading. The ones who are lost just deserve to be in Hell. " narrated by Ibn Khuzaimah in his sunan book, from Jabir bin Muhammad bin Abdullah's line.
Before we enter into the study of the book of Ihya Ulumiddin, it would not hurt us to convey a little prologue that can introduce the reader to the identity of the writer of this book. Among them, the Birth and Life of al-Ghazali, al-Ghazali's journey in seeking knowledge, Teachers and scholars of al-Ghazali, al-Ghazali's understanding of the science of Jurisprudence and other Islamic scholarship. We also convey the comments of the scholars regarding al-Ghazali himself, What he taught, the various works that he has compiled, all of which convey us to his Masterpiece / Magnum Opus which we will soon study together as "IHYA ULUMIDDIN" / "Reviving Religious Sciences".
Imam al-Ghazali was born in the city of Thusi, around the middle of the 5th century Hijri (450 AH). Abu Hamid has a father who is gentle in his heart. simple lifestyle, hard-working and traders who are patient enough. Al-Imam's father was known to study at many scholars at that time. Often follow their halaqah (recitation), and like to help the needs of others. Every week al-Imam's father always takes time to visit the residence of the ulema, from one ulama to another, so that they can learn valuable lessons from their side. Quite often al-Imam's father shed tears while listening to the sermon delivered by the cleric he had come to study.
Allah Swt berfirman dalam Qs. Ali Imran (3:102)
"Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, bertakwalah kalian kepada Allah dengan sebenar-benarnya takwa kepada-Nya. Dan janganlah sekali-kali kalian mati, melainkan dalam keadaan beragama Islam."Allah Swt juga berfirman dalam Qs. Al-Ahzab (33:70-71)
"Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, bertaqwalah kalian kepada Allah, dan sampaikanlah perkataan yang benar, niscaya Allah memperbaiki bagi kalian amalan-amalan kalian, serta mengampuni dosa-dosa kalian. Dan siapa saja menaati Allah beserta Rasul-Nya, maka sesungguhnya ia telah mendapat kemenangan yang besar."Dan, Allah Swt juga berfirman dalam Qs. An-Nisa (4:1)
"Wahai sekalian manusia, bertakwalah kepada Rabb kalian yang telah menciptakan kalian dari diri(jiwa) yang satu, dan darinya Allah menciptakan istrinya. Dari keduanya Allah memperkembang-biakkan laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak. Dan bertakwalah kepada Allah yang menggunakan nama-Nya kalian saling meminta satu sama lain. Dan periharalah hubungan silaturahim. Sesungguhnya Allah selalu menjaga dan mengawasi kalian."Amma ba'du ...
"Kalimat yang muatan kebenarannya tidak diragukan lagi hanyalah Al-Qur'an (Kitab Allah Swt.) dan sebaik-baiknya petunjuk yang digunakan adalah apa yang disampaikan baginda Nabi Muhammad Saw. Adapun segala bentuk urusan yang pasti berdampak buruk hanyalah dengan mengada-adakan sesuatu yang baru dalam urusan agama yang sudah ada ketetapannya langsung dari sisi Allah Swt. yang kedatangannya bertentangan dari kedua sumber pokok agama (Al-Qur'an dan Al-Sunnah). Semua itu masuk dalam kategori bid'ah, dan setiap perbuatan mahdhah yang mengandung unsur bid'ah pasti menyesatkan. Adapun yang tersesat itu hanya pantas berada di dalam Neraka." diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Khuzaimah dalam kitab sunan miliknya, dari jalur Jabir bin Muhammad bin Abdullah.
Sebelum kita masuk kedalam kajian kitab Ihya Ulumiddin ini, tidak ada salahnya kita sampaikan sekelumit prolog yang bisa mengenalkan pembaca kepada jati diri penulis kitab ini. Diantaranya, Masa Kelahiran dan Kehidupan al-Ghazali, Perjalanan al-Ghazali dalam menuntut ilmu, Guru-guru dan sanad keilmuan al-Ghazali, Pemahaman al-Ghazali seputar ilmu fikih dan keilmuan islam lainnya. Kami sampaikan juga komentar para ulama mengenai diri al-Ghazali, Apa saja yang beliau ajarkan, berbagai karya tulis yang telah beliau susun, yang kesemuanya itu menyampaikan kita kepada karya Masterpiece/Magnum Opus beliau yang akan segera kita kaji bersama sebagai "IHYA ULUMIDDIN"/"Menghidupkan Kembali Ilmu-Ilmu Agama".
Kami perlu sampaikan disini, "Hanya Allah Swt. satu-satunya Dzat pemberi taufiq yang sesungguhnya."
Nama lengkap Imam Ghazali adalah Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Ghazali, yang dikenal sebagai Hujjatul Islam Zainuddin al-Thusi, seorang ahli fikih (al-Faqih) yang bermahzab al-Syafi'i. Orang-orang yang dating kemudian memanggilnya al-Ghazali yang sebelumnya Abi Hamid. Ada pendapat penyebutan al-Ghazali ini dari kata Ghazala yang dinisbatkan dari daerah terkenal di Thusi (Khurasan, Persia). Ada juga pendapat asal kata al-Ghazali ini dari kata Ghazzala yang disifatkan atas diri beliau yang selalu menyucikan diri dan sanubari. Hanya Allah Swt yang Maha Mengetahui kebenaran yang sesungguhnya. Nama beliau akhirnya dikenal sampai saat ini dengan sebutan al-Imam al-Ghazali.
Imam al-Ghazali lahir di kota Thusi, pada sekitar pertengahan abad ke-5 Hijriah (450 H.). Abu Hamid memiliki seorang ayah yang lembut sanubarinya. sederhana pola hidupnya, pekerja keras dan pedagang yang cukup sabar. Ayah al-Imam dikenal gemar menuntut ilmu ke banyak ulama dikala itu. Sering mengikuti halaqah (pengajian) mereka, dan gemar membantu kebutuhan sesama. Setiap pekan ayah al-Imam selalu menyempatkan diri mengunjungi kediaman ulama, dari satu ulama ke ulama lainnya, agar dapat memetik pelajaran berharga dari sisi mereka. Tak jarang ayah al-Imam ini menitikkan air mata pada saat mendengarkan tausyiah yang disampaikan ulama yang ia datangi untuk menimba ilmu.
Pada suatu kesempatan, karena didorong perasaan keinginan memiliki keturunan yang menguasai keilmuan agama, ayah al-Imam berdoa kepada Allah Swt dengan sungguh-sungguh agar Allah Swt berkenan mengabulkan doa dan keinginannya memiliki putra yang memahami ilmu agama, dengan cara menggemari majelis yang didalamnya dibacakan ilmu oleh para ulama.
Doa beliaupun diijabah oleh Allah Swt, dengan menganugerahinya dua orang putra yang shalih. Putra pertamanya diberi nama Abu Hamid (al-Ghazali) dan adik laki-lakinya bernama Ahmad, dengan kuniyah(alias) Abu al-Futuh Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad ath-Thusi al-Ghazali, dengan laqab(panggilan) Majduddin.
Ibnu Khalkan dalam buku al-Wifayat mengatakan, "Pada periode selanjutnya, al-Imam al-Ghazali dipercaya untuk menjadi pengajar di salah satu madrasah terkemuka, dimana adik beliau juga sempat menuntut ilmu disana. Sang adikpun akhirnya berkesempatan meringkas karya al-Imam al-Ghazali ini, yang kemudian diberi judul sama dengan induknya, Mukhtasyar Ihya Ulumiddin. Pada bahasan pertama kitab tersebut, diberi judul yang hampir sama induk kitabnya yakni al-Ihya. Sedangkan pada bahasan yang terakhir ditutup dengan memberi sub-judul, adz-Dzakhirah fi Ulumi al-Bashirah. Ahmad al-Ghazali (saudara al-Imam al-Ghazali) meninggal dunia di wilayah Qazwain pada sekitar tahun 520 Hijriah. (Wifayat al-Ayan)
Sebelum sang ayah kembali menghadap Allah Swt (meninggal dunia), beliau sempat berpesan kepada sahabat yang kebetulan seorang ulama (ahli Fikih dan Tasawuf), agar melanjutkan pengasuhan al-Imam al-Ghazali dan saudaranya,Ahmad al-Ghazali. Beliau berpesan, agar kedua putra tersebut dididik secara khusus dan mendapat pengajaran agama yang sesuai dengan apa yang beliau dapatkan dari ahli ilmu (para ulama).
In fact, all forms of praise are only appropriate for us to rely on Allah, and to Him we worship, surrender, ask for help and forgiveness. We also take refuge in Allah SWT from the vices of deception, and from all forms of deviant and deviant practices. Because, whoever Allah Almighty gives instructions, then not a single creature can mislead him. On the other hand, whoever Allah has ordained as a human being is lost, then none of the creatures can give him guidance (guidance). I testify that there is no god but Allah, only to Him are we obliged to worship. Only Allah Most High, There is no partner with Him. And I also testify that the Prophet Muhammad is both a servant and Messenger of Allah.
Allah Almighty says in Qs. Ali Imran (3: 102)
"O believers, fear you Allah with the truth of your piety. And do not ever die, but in a state of Islam."Allah also says in Qs. Al-Ahzab (33: 70-71)
"O believers, fear you to Allah, and deliver the correct words, Allah will correct for your deeds, and forgive your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, surely he has got a big win. "And, Allah also says in Qs. An-Nisa (4: 1)
"O people, fear your Rabb who created you from one self (soul), and from him Allah created his wife. From both Allah breed many men and women. And fear Allah who uses His name you ask one another. And maintain friendship. Surely Allah always takes care and watches over you. "Amma ba'du ...
"The only sentence that contains the truth is undoubtedly the Al-Qur'an (the Book of Allah) and the best guidance used is what is conveyed to the Prophet Muhammad. As for all forms of affairs that are sure to have a negative effect is simply making things up. new in the matters of religion that have been determined directly from the side of Allah Almighty whose arrival is contradictory from the two main sources of religion (Al-Qur'an and Al-Sunnah). All of these fall under the category of bid'ah, and every act of mahdhah containing the heretical element must be misleading. The ones who are lost just deserve to be in Hell. " narrated by Ibn Khuzaimah in his sunan book, from Jabir bin Muhammad bin Abdullah's line.
Before we enter into the study of the book of Ihya Ulumiddin, it would not hurt us to convey a little prologue that can introduce the reader to the identity of the writer of this book. Among them, the Birth and Life of al-Ghazali, al-Ghazali's journey in seeking knowledge, Teachers and scholars of al-Ghazali, al-Ghazali's understanding of the science of Jurisprudence and other Islamic scholarship. We also convey the comments of the scholars regarding al-Ghazali himself, What he taught, the various works that he has compiled, all of which convey us to his Masterpiece / Magnum Opus which we will soon study together as "IHYA ULUMIDDIN" / "Reviving Religious Sciences".
We need to say here, "Only Allah, the One True Giver of Taufiq."The full name of Imam Ghazali is Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Ghazali, known as Hujjatul Islam Zainuddin al-Thusi, a fiqh expert (al-Faqih) who has al-Syafi'i. People who came later called him al-Ghazali who was previously Abi Hamid. There is an opinion on the mention of al-Ghazali from the word Ghazala which is attributed from a famous area in Thusi (Khurasan, Persia). There is also an opinion on the origin of the word al-Ghazali from the word Ghazzala which is attributed to him who always purifies himself and heartstrings. Only Allah Most High knows the real truth. His name was finally known to this day as al-Imam al-Ghazali.
Imam al-Ghazali was born in the city of Thusi, around the middle of the 5th century Hijri (450 AH). Abu Hamid has a father who is gentle in his heart. simple lifestyle, hard-working and traders who are patient enough. Al-Imam's father was known to study at many scholars at that time. Often follow their halaqah (recitation), and like to help the needs of others. Every week al-Imam's father always takes time to visit the residence of the ulema, from one ulama to another, so that they can learn valuable lessons from their side. Quite often al-Imam's father shed tears while listening to the sermon delivered by the cleric he had come to study.
On one occasion, because of the feeling of desire to have offspring who mastered the science of religion, al-Imam's father prayed to Allah Almighty earnestly that Allah Almighty was willing to grant prayers and his desire to have a son who understood religion, by liking the assembly in which was read knowledge by the scholars.
His prayer was granted by Allah, by giving him two righteous sons. His first son was named Abu Hamid (al-Ghazali) and his younger brother was Ahmad, with kuniyah (alias) Abu al-Futuh Ahmad bin Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ahmad Th-Thusi al-Ghazali, with laqab (call) Majduddin.
Ibn Khalkan in al-Wifayat said, "In the following period, al-Imam al-Ghazali was trusted to be a teacher in one of the leading madrasa, where his younger brother also had time to study there. The younger brother finally had the opportunity to summarize al-Imam al-Imam's work This Ghazali, which was then given the same title as its parent, Mukhtasyar Ihya Ulumiddin, was given the same title in the first book of the book, al-Ihya, while in the last discussion it was closed by giving a sub-title, adz-Dzakhirah fi Ulumi al-Bashirah Ahmad al-Ghazali (brother of al-Imam al-Ghazali) died in the Qazwain region around 520 Hijri. (Wifayat al-Ayan)
Before the father returned to face Allah (died), he had advised the friend who happened to be a cleric (Jurist and Sufism expert), to continue the care of al-Imam al-Ghazali and his brother, Ahmad al-Ghazali. He advised, that the two sons be specially educated and get religious instruction in accordance with what he got from the experts (the scholars).
His prayer was granted by Allah, by giving him two righteous sons. His first son was named Abu Hamid (al-Ghazali) and his younger brother was Ahmad, with kuniyah (alias) Abu al-Futuh Ahmad bin Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ahmad Th-Thusi al-Ghazali, with laqab (call) Majduddin.
Ibn Khalkan in al-Wifayat said, "In the following period, al-Imam al-Ghazali was trusted to be a teacher in one of the leading madrasa, where his younger brother also had time to study there. The younger brother finally had the opportunity to summarize al-Imam al-Imam's work This Ghazali, which was then given the same title as its parent, Mukhtasyar Ihya Ulumiddin, was given the same title in the first book of the book, al-Ihya, while in the last discussion it was closed by giving a sub-title, adz-Dzakhirah fi Ulumi al-Bashirah Ahmad al-Ghazali (brother of al-Imam al-Ghazali) died in the Qazwain region around 520 Hijri. (Wifayat al-Ayan)
Before the father returned to face Allah (died), he had advised the friend who happened to be a cleric (Jurist and Sufism expert), to continue the care of al-Imam al-Ghazali and his brother, Ahmad al-Ghazali. He advised, that the two sons be specially educated and get religious instruction in accordance with what he got from the experts (the scholars).
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